Our Research
The tissues in our body are made up of different types of cells that communicate with each other to perform joint functions. Tissues differ greatly from each other in the composition of the cells, spatial arrangement, and function.
Can we uncover principles that are common across different tissues? What are the characteristics of the communication between cells that are critical to the proper functioning of the tissue? What diseases may develop if these characteristics are not maintained?
In our research, we combine concepts from nonlinear dynamics, complex systems theory, optimality control, and machine learning to uncover the universal principles of tissues in health and disease. ​
Design principles of wound healing and fibrosis
Fibrosis is a pathology of excessive scarring which causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fibrosis is a complex process involving thousands of factors, therefore, to better understand fibrosis and develop new therapeutic approaches, it is necessary to simplify and clarify the underlying concepts. We recently developed a theoretical framework for the cell circuit between myofibroblasts - the scar producing cells and macrophages - the recruited immune cells. The mathematical framework predicts two types of fibrosis - hot fibrosis with abundant macrophages and myofibroblasts, and cold fibrosis dominated by myofibroblasts alone. Moreover, we used the model to predict new therapeutic target for reducing fibrosis. We are working closely with experimental labs to test our theoretical predictions in different tissues including heart, lung and liver.
Related publications:
Principles of Cell Circuits for Tissue Repair and Fibrosis
Miri Adler, Avi Mayo, Xu Zhou, Ruth A Franklin, Matthew L Meizlish, Ruslan Medzhitov, Stefan Kallenberger, and Uri Alon
iScience, 2020
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Wang et al.
Science Translational Medicine, 2023
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Circuit to target approach defines an autocrine myofibroblast loop that drives cardiac fibrosis
Shoval Miyara*, Miri Adler* et al.
bioRxiv, 2023
Principles of division of labor at the tissue and population level
Advances in single-cell gene expression measurement techniques provide a view into the diversity between individual cells of the same type. An emerging observation is that differentiated cells often show a continuum of gene expression profiles. In order to help interpret these continua of gene expression profiles, we use a theoretical approach considering that cells need to perform multiple tasks. Because no cell can optimally perform all of these tasks at once, cells in multi-cellular organisms must divide labor. Continuum of gene expression in single-cell data can thus be interpreted as a continuum of specializations where individual cells perform different tasks depending on their spatial position, environmental conditions and other factors. Learn more about our recent work on optimal division of labor in Miri's talk at the LMRL 2021 workshop.
Related publications:
Miri Adler, Yael Korem Kohanim , Avichai Tendler, Avi Mayo, and Uri Alon
Cell Systems, 2019
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Controls for Phylogeny and Robust Analysis in Pareto Task Inference
Miri Adler*, Avichai Tendler*, Jean Hausser*, Yael Korem, Pablo Szekely, Noa Bossel, Yuval Hart, Omer Karin, Avi Mayo, and Uri Alon
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2022
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Emergence of division of labor in tissues through cell interactions and spatial cues
Miri Adler*, Noa Moriel*, Aleksandrina Goeva*, Inbal Avraham-Davidi, Simon Mages, Taylor S. Adams, Naftali Kaminski, Evan Z. Macosko, Aviv Regev, Ruslan Medzhitov and Mor Nitzan
Cell Reports, 2023
Design principles of cell circuits for tissue homeostasis
Tissue processes involve communication between several cell types by means of diverse secreted factors and cell contact signals. In order to help make sense of this complexity, theoretical models coupled with experimental evidence can play an important role. We use this combined approach to address questions in tissue biology including how healthy tissues maintain proper composition and spatial organization of their constituent cell types. Our goal is to reveal design principles of cell communication circuits that govern tissue homeostasis.
Related publications:
Circuit Design Features of a Stable Two-Cell System
Xu Zhou*, Ruth A Franklin*, Miri Adler*, Jeremy B Jacox, Will Bailis, Juston A Shyer, Richard Flavell, Avi Mayo, Ruslan Medzhitov & Uri Alon
Cell, 2018
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Endocytosis as a Stabilizing Mechanism for Tissue Homeostasis
Miri Adler, Avi Mayo, Xu Zhou, Ruth A Franklin, Jeremy B Jacox, Ruslan Medzhitov, and Uri Alon
PNAS, 2018
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Microenvironmental Sensing by Fibroblasts Controls Macrophage Population Size
Xu Zhou*, Ruth A Franklin*, Miri Adler, Trevor S Carter, Emily Condiff, Taylor S Adams, Scott Pope, Naomi H Philip, Matthew L Meizlish, Naftali Kaminski, and Ruslan Medzhitov
PNAS, 2022
Network dynamics
Network hyper-motifs and their emergent properties
Networks are built from nodes connected by edges. Nodes are the 'atoms' of networks. Just as atoms can combine into molecules that have new properties, nodes combine into network motifs (Milo et al., 2002). Network motifs are recurrent arrangements of nodes and edges that have certain dynamic properties such as oscillations and multi-stability and can provide useful input-output relations. Network motifs are the building blocks of complex networks. However, it is unclear how these building-block patterns are combined in real networks and what dynamic properties can emerge from their combinations. To address this, we define hyper-motifs: multiple network motifs that are direclty joined in the network. We developed a computational method to identify hyper-motifs in real networks and found that each type of network (social, neuronal, electronic, gene regulatory etc.) is enriched in some hyper-motifs, while other hyper-motifs are under-represented compared to random networks. We use the hyper-motif framework to explore behavior and structure of complex networks in complex tissue processes such as embryonic development.
Fold-change detection in biological systems
Many biological systems, from bacteria to human cells respond to relative (rather than absolute) changes in input, as we respond to relative changes in light, smell or sound. This fold-change detection (FCD) property provides cells with exquisite ability to sense across many scales of signal. FCD is implemented by specific feed-forward and feedback regulatory circuits that are repeatedly used by nature. Exploring these circuits is important in order to understand decision making of cells in response to environmental signals. We explore network topologies that can provide an FCD dynamical response.
Related publications:
Emergence of dynamic properties in network hypermotifs
Miri Adler and Ruslan Medzhitov
PNAS, 2022
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Fold-Change Detection in Biological Systems
Miri Adler and Uri Alon
Current Opinion in Systems Biology, 2018
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Optimal Regulatory Circuit Topologies for Fold-Change Detection
Miri Adler*, Pablo Szekely*, Avi Mayo, and Uri Alon
Cell Systems, 2017, Previewed by Shibin Mathew, Amy Thurber and Suzanne Gaudet
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Logarithmic and Power Law Input-Output Relations in Sensory Systems with Fold-Change Detection
Miri Adler, Avi Mayo, and Uri Alon
PLoS Computational Biology, 2014